Different economic policies are given by the government of India in 2021

This Article is Written by Areeba Feroz Khan (student of ICFAI Law School, Hyderabad)

The covid pandemic has been brutal on everyone. People suffered hunger, unemployment, mental distress, etc. An unprecedented health crisis occurred due to the highly contagious disease, which escalated abruptly, mangling the economy throughout the globe. To keep things working, the government had been making several policies. In India, there have been hundreds of bills passed. Some of which are as follows:

The National Commission for Homoeopathy (Amendment) Bill seeks to provide a medical education system that improves access to quality and affordable medical education. The National Commission for Indian System of Medicine (Amendment) Bill proposes to amend the National Commission for the Indian System of Medicine Act, 2020. The 2020 act replaced the Indian Medicine Central Council Act, 1970. Aayush Minister Sarbanandasonowal replied to the discussion on the Bill by saying that the government is promoting Yoga and the traditional system of medicine. The Constitution (One Hundred and Twenty-Seventh Amendment) Bill, 2021, which amends the articles 342 A (clause 1 and 2) and clause – 342 A (3), will be added to the constitution explicitly authorising states to maintain their state list was introduced in Lok Sabha on 9th August. The three bills were passed in Lok Sabha on 10th august and in Rajya Sabha on 11th August.

On the 5^{th of} August, two bills were introduced in the house of parliament, namely, The Taxation Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2021, presented by Ms Nirmala Sitharaman, the finance minister of India. The Bill proposes to nullify this tax liability imposed on such persons provided they fulfil certain conditions. Some of the conditions are: 1) if the person has filed an appeal or petition in this regard, it must be withdrawn, or the person must submit an undertaking to withdraw it, 2) if the person has initiated or given notice for any arbitration, conciliation, or mediation proceedings in this regard, the notices or claims under such proceedings must be withdrawn, or the person must submit an undertaking to withdraw them and few more conditions. It provides that if the person fulfils all the conditions, all assessment or reassessment orders issued concerning such tax liability will be deemed to have never been published. The Central Universities (Amendment) Bill, 2021, amends the Central Universities Act, 2009. The 2009 Act provides the establishment of central Universities for teaching and research in various states like; Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Kerala and Haryana. The current amended Bill provides for the establishment of the Sindhu Central University in the Union territory of Ladakh. These two bills were passed in Lok Sabha on 6^th August, and Rajya Sabha approved them on 9^th August.

The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order (Amendment) Bill was introduced by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs on 2nd August and passed in Lok Sabha on 9^th August. The Bill amends the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) order, 1950. The constitution empowers the president to specify the planned Tribes in various states and union territories. The Tribunals Reforms Bill, 2021Bill seeks to dissolve certain existing appellate bodies and transfer their functions (such as adjudication of appeals) to other existing judicial bodies.  The Bill replaces a similar Ordinance promulgated in April 2021. It was introduced in Lok Sabha on 2^nd August and was passed in Lok Sabha on 3^rd August and 9^th in Rajya Sabha.

Then, The Commission for Air Quality Management in National Capital Region and Adjoining Areas Bill, 2021, was introduced in the houses of parliament on 30^th July 2021. The Ordinance provides for the constitution of a Commission for better coordination, research, identification, and resolution of problems related to air quality in the National Capital Region (NCR) and adjoining areas.  The Ordinance also dissolves the Environment Pollution Prevention and Control Authority established in the NCR in 1998.  An Ordinance establishing a similar Commission was promulgated in October 2020.  Key features of the 2021 Ordinance include:

1. Functions of the Commission:  Functions of the Commission include: i. co-ordinating actions taken under the Ordinance by concerned state governments (Delhi, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh), ii. planning and executing plans to prevent and control air pollution in the NCR etc.
2. Powers of the Commission:  Powers of the Commission include: i. restricting activities influencing air quality, ii. investigating and conducting research related to environmental pollution impacting air quality, iii. preparing codes and guidelines to prevent and control air pollution and a few more.The Commission will be the sole authority with jurisdiction over matters defined in the Ordinance (such as air quality management).
3. Composition: The Commission will consist of: i. a Chairperson, ii. an officer of the rank of a Joint Secretary as the member-secretary and Chief Coordinating Officer,

iii. a currently serving or former Joint Secretary from the central government as a full-time member, iv. three independent technical members with expertise related to air pollution, and v. three members from non-government organisations.

• Sub-Committees: The Commission is required to form sub-committees on i.  monitoring and identification, ii. safeguarding and enforcement, and iii. research and development.
• Selection Committee: A selection committee will be constituted by the central government for recommending appointments of members of the Commission.
• Penalties: Contravention of provisions of the Ordinance, or orders and directions of the Commission will be punishable with imprisonment of up to five years, or fine of up to one crore rupees, or both.  The National Green Tribunal will hear all appeals against the Commission’s orders. 

The given Bill was passed in Lok Sabha on 4^th August, and Rajya Sabha approved it on 5^th August.

The Inland Vessels Bill, 2021, The Essential Defence Services Bill, 2021, The Airports Economic Regulatory Authority of India (Amendment) Bill, 2021, The National Bank for Financing Infrastructure and Development Bill, 2021, The Appropriation Bill, 2021, The Jammu and Kashmir Appropriation Bill, 2021, The Jammu and Kashmir Appropriation (No. 2) Bill, 2021, The Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Bill, 2021, The National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Amendment) Bill, 2021, The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Amendment Bill, 2021 and hundred more bills were passed for the stable functioning of the nation. All these bills, when passed, help in the overall development of the country. Be it Finance, Education, Tribal Affairs, Defence, helps all the areas.