President Murmu Approves Contentious Legislation
On April 5, 2025, President Droupadi Murmu gave her formal assent to the Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025, officially turning it into law. The Act, which amends the Waqf Act of 1995, introduces substantial changes in the administration and management of Waqf properties across India.
In addition, the President also signed the Mussalman Wakf (Repeal) Bill, 2024, thereby removing a redundant colonial-era legislation.
Background: What Are Waqf Properties?
Waqf properties are religious endowments made by Muslims for charitable or religious purposes. These are typically managed by state Waqf Boards under the supervision of the Central Waqf Council. The Waqf Act, 1995 originally governed the functioning of these Boards and the protection of Waqf assets.
The 2025 Amendment aims to address long-standing issues in the existing framework and modernize Waqf management using digital tools and streamlined processes.
Lok Sabha Passes the Bill After Intense 12-Hour Debate
Voting Outcome and Opposition Criticism
The Waqf (Amendment) Bill was passed in the Lok Sabha in the early hours of Thursday, April 3, after nearly 12 hours of intense debate. A total of 288 MPs voted in favour, while 232 voted against the Bill.
The debate witnessed sharp divisions, with the NDA defending the Bill as a step towards better management of minority assets, while the opposition labelled it “anti-Muslim” and claimed it was an attack on religious rights.
Kiren Rijiju Responds to Opposition
Union Minister for Minority Affairs, Kiren Rijiju, while replying to the debate, strongly defended the Bill. He said:
“Crores of poor Muslims will thank PM Modi on the bill being passed. There is no place in the world safer than India for minorities.”
Rijiju also rejected claims that the Bill was unconstitutional, saying that the courts had not found any reason to strike it down, and accused the opposition of using such terms irresponsibly.
Rejected Amendments and Passage of Repeal Bill
All amendments proposed by the opposition were rejected by voice vote. The Mussalman Wakf (Repeal) Bill, 2024 was also passed in the Lok Sabha during the session.
The government tabled a revised version of the bill after incorporating recommendations from the Joint Parliamentary Committee, which had reviewed the initial draft introduced in August 2024.
Rajya Sabha Debate Continues Past Midnight
Voting in the Upper House
On Friday, April 4, the Rajya Sabha took up the Bill. The debate started on Thursday afternoon and stretched past midnight, lasting over 12 hours. The Bill was eventually passed with 128 votes in favour and 95 against.
Rajya Sabha Chairman Jagdeep Dhankhar announced the result and noted that the final tally was subject to correction.
The Mussalman Wakf (Repeal) Bill, 2024 was also passed in the Rajya Sabha through a voice vote.
President’s Assent and Official Notification
Following its approval by both Houses of Parliament, the Bill was sent to the President for her assent. On April 5, the President signed the legislation, completing the formal process of enactment.
A government notification confirmed:
“The following Act of Parliament received the assent of the President on April 5, 2025, and is hereby published for general information: The Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025,” as reported by PTI.
Key Features of the Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025
- Enhanced role of technology: The Act introduces digitization of Waqf records and improved database management.
- Improved registration process: Streamlines and makes the process of Waqf property registration more efficient and transparent.
- Strengthened Waqf Boards: Provides clearer guidelines for functioning and oversight of State Waqf Boards.
- Accountability mechanisms: Aims to prevent misuse or encroachment of Waqf properties through better monitoring.
Legal Challenges and Ongoing Controversy
Despite being signed into law, the Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025 has already been challenged in the Supreme Court. Petitioners claim that it violates fundamental rights such as:
- Article 25 – Freedom to practice religion
- Article 14 – Right to equality under the law
Critics argue that the law disproportionately affects the Muslim community and may lead to state overreach in religious matters.
While the government has hailed the Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025 as a much-needed reform for better governance of Waqf assets, its passage has deepened political divides and raised constitutional questions. The matter is now likely to be further tested in the courts, even as implementation of the new law begins across the country.
